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Breast Cancer: Causes and Symptoms

Breast cancer is a serious disease that affects breast tissue and can have a profound impact on individuals and their loved ones. Understanding the causes and recognizing the symptoms of breast cancer is crucial for early detection and successful treatment. Here’s an overview of breast cancer causes and common symptoms:

Causes of Breast Cancer

The exact cause of breast cancer is complex and can involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors:

Genetics: Inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

Hormones: Hormones like estrogen and progesterone can influence the growth of some types of breast cancer. Hormone replacement therapy and certain birth control methods may contribute to the risk.

Age and Gender: Breast cancer risk increases with age, and being female is a primary risk factor.

Family History: A family history of breast or ovarian cancer can elevate the risk, especially if multiple relatives are affected.

Personal History: A personal history of breast cancer or certain non-cancerous breast diseases can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

Radiation Exposure: Previous chest radiation therapy, especially at a young age, can raise the risk.

Obesity: Being overweight or obese after menopause can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Early detection is crucial for successful breast cancer treatment. Being aware of the following symptoms can help you seek medical attention promptly:

1. Lump or Thickening: A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area.
2. Changes in Breast Shape or Size: Unexplained changes in breast size, shape, or contour.
3. Pain or Discomfort: Although not always a symptom of breast cancer, persistent breast pain or discomfort should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
4. Skin Changes: Redness, dimpling, or puckering of the skin on the breast.
5. Nipple Changes: Changes in the nipple, such as inversion, scaling, or discharge other than breast milk.
6. Swelling: Unexplained swelling in any part of the breast.
7. Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden, unexplained weight loss can sometimes be a sign of advanced breast cancer.
8. Visible Veins: Veins becoming more visible on the surface of the breast.

Regular Breast Self-Exams and Screening

Performing regular breast self-exams can help you become familiar with the normal appearance and feel of your breasts, making it easier to detect any changes. Additionally, following recommended breast cancer screening guidelines is essential:

Mammograms: Mammography is the primary tool for detecting breast cancer in its early stages. Starting at age 40 or as advised by your healthcare provider, regular mammograms are recommended.

Clinical Breast Exams: Regular clinical breast exams by a healthcare professional are important, especially for those aged 20 and older.

Genetic Testing: For individuals with a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be recommended to assess the risk.